Extrication is a process of removing a trapped occupant from a vehicle that was involved in a collision. Rescuers use tools, some specialized, and technique to stabilize and cut apart a vehicle to free the patient.

We train on the many elements of auto extrication. The new technologies that are being designed into vehicles to save fuel and protect the occupants have created some new concerns for rescuers. In hybrids, high voltage batteries and cables run throughout these vehicles that create new dangers to rescuers. Supplemental restraint systems such as seatbelt pre-tensioners and airbags have evolved into a very advanced system. Vehicles today can have as many as 12 airbags and numerous compressed air cylinders hidden beneath the interior panels.

Knowing how a vehicle is designed has become an ever-changing issue that we invest a lot of time in studying. Rescuers must know where to safely approach a vehicle to remove a victim without causing further harm to the patient or themselves.

When rescuers respond to a crash scene, they consider the time of day, weather conditions and the location. These are important concerns that can help crews anticipate the crash results. Wet roads, high speed limits, or deep roadside ditches can dramatically affect the severity of a crash.

Once on scene, crew will observe the entire site to ensure that it is safe for rescuers to approach. Leaking fluids, downed power lines, or injured pedestrians can all pose risks to crews. Only when the scene is deemed safe, rescuers can approach. Vehicles often end up in very unstable situations as a result of a crash. Stabilization is a very important element to a successful extrication operation. Special struts, wood blocking, and lifting bags can be used to keep a vehicle from moving or rocking. This is important to protecting a patient that could have a spinal cord injury.  During this time EMT’s will make contact with the patient, assessed their injuries and help determine the safest and fastest way to remove them from the vehicle.

Many times patients can be removed without cutting apart the car, but in some instances we must remove parts of the vehicle to safely extricate the patient. The most common tool is the Jaws of Life. These are very specialized hydraulic tools that cut and spread with incredible force. Common reciprocating saws and hand tools also play a large role in vehicle extrication.

There is a lot to know and there is even more to be able to do. The CFD Training Bureau works hard on providing the best training possible to our members. Vehicles are brought in from a salvage yard and staged in various crash scenarios to give rescuers the most realistic training opportunity possible. Outside instructors and speakers are often asked to speak to our members to keep them up to speed on the latest extrication techniques and vehicle technology.

There is a lot of effort put into training our extrication crews, in order to deliver the best possible service to the community we serve.